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An Ultra-Low-Power 5 GHz LNA Design with Precise Calculation
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
1-17
Received:
7 May 2019
Accepted:
4 June 2019
Published:
29 June 2019
Abstract: In this paper, an ultra-low-power low-noise amplifier (LNA) at 5GHz is proposed. The main focus is on precise computation of output impedance, input impedance, and gain of the LNA. The LNA is composed of a common-source LNA and a cascode LNA. In fact, the casode LNA can assist to have more stability by declining S12 considerably. Plus, it can be beneficial via increasing the gain of the second stage of the final LNA. In addition, in order to emphasize the significance of the meticulous calculations, the formulas calculated in this paper are compared with their counterparts in other papers. The combination of two different supply voltage is mentioned as an approach to bring down the power dissipation of the circuit. Simulation is performed by MATLAB, HSPICE, and Advanced Design System (ADS). TSMC 0.18 um CMOS process is used to evaluate the circuit. The LNA is analyzed with two different voltage supply 0.7 V and 0.9 V. The input matching (S11) is -14 dB and -16 dB for voltage supply 0.7 V and 0.9 V respectively. Plus, power dissipation, noise figure (NF), and gain (S21) are 532 μW, 944 μW, 1.25 dB, 1.05dB, 15dB, and 17dB for voltage supply 0.7 V and 0.9 V respectively.
Abstract: In this paper, an ultra-low-power low-noise amplifier (LNA) at 5GHz is proposed. The main focus is on precise computation of output impedance, input impedance, and gain of the LNA. The LNA is composed of a common-source LNA and a cascode LNA. In fact, the casode LNA can assist to have more stability by declining S12 considerably. Plus, it can be be...
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Cyber Physical Systems for Automotive Vehicles: Challenges and Applications
Karthik Srinivasn,
Sathyaraj Palanichamy
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
18-22
Received:
4 May 2019
Accepted:
2 June 2019
Published:
1 July 2019
Abstract: Cyber-physical systems mix digital and analog devices, interfaces, networks, pc systems, and also the like with the natural and unreal physical world. Cyber-physical systems that combine discrete and continuous dynamics are everywhere including automatic or semi-automatic controllers in modern cars, trains, airplanes, ground robots, robotic household appliances, or surgical robots. Cyber–physical systems (CPSs) are considered to be the next generation systems in which computing, communication, and control technologies are firmly integrated. Research on CPSs is fundamentally important for engineered systems in many important application domains such as transportation, energy, medical systems and major investments are being made worldwide to develop the technology. In this paper we are going to discuss about the features of developing cyber physical systems, Design challenges and the application of CPS in automotive domain. Most of the innovation in automotive domain is in electronics and software. All new features in modern cars—like advanced driver assistance systems—are based on electronics and software rather than on mechanical engineering innovations. A modern high-end car has over 100 million lines of code and it is widely believed that this number will continue to grow in the near future. Such code implements different control applications spanning across various functionalities—from safety-critical functions, to driver-assistance and comfort-related ones.
Abstract: Cyber-physical systems mix digital and analog devices, interfaces, networks, pc systems, and also the like with the natural and unreal physical world. Cyber-physical systems that combine discrete and continuous dynamics are everywhere including automatic or semi-automatic controllers in modern cars, trains, airplanes, ground robots, robotic househo...
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Forensics and Digital Criminal Investigation Challenges in Cloud Computing and Virtualization
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
23-31
Received:
15 May 2019
Accepted:
17 June 2019
Published:
9 July 2019
Abstract: I'll address the fundamentals of Cloud Computing and Virtualization. The types of cloud computing deployment models and their relationship with the responsibility of the users are developed. The fundamentals of digital criminal investigation applied to Cloud Computing are discussed, and the most significant challenges are presented to criminal investigation and forensic sciences in this type and digital environment. The implications of Virtualization used in Cloud Computing in Criminal Investigation and Forensic Science are discussed. The paradigm case of Nested Virtualization technology is presented as an obstacle to Criminal investigation and forensic investigation. In cases of criminal investigations in traditional environments, it is common practice for computer expertise to turn off the equipment and make a copy of the disks that will be analysed later in the laboratory. This is unfeasible in a cloud computing environment, due to the large storage capacity, legal issues, geographic distribution and data control, which may vary depending on the model of service contracted. In addition, lack of physical access to data collection and lack of control over the system make information acquisition a challenging task for cloud expertise. Therefore, forensic computing has been restructured, bringing new techniques, solutions and research methods, giving rise to cloud forensics or expertise in the cloud. Thus, the so-called Forensic as a Service (FaaS) is dedicated to solving the security challenges inherent in the cloud environment. In this paper we will analyse some of these challenges.
Abstract: I'll address the fundamentals of Cloud Computing and Virtualization. The types of cloud computing deployment models and their relationship with the responsibility of the users are developed. The fundamentals of digital criminal investigation applied to Cloud Computing are discussed, and the most significant challenges are presented to criminal inve...
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Adaptive OFDM-IM System Over Faded Shadowing Channel
Ibrahim Mokhtar Aboharba,
Quazi Mehbubar Rahman,
Raveendra Rao
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
32-46
Received:
25 April 2019
Accepted:
30 May 2019
Published:
17 July 2019
Abstract: Spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) play major roles in evaluating the quality of service (QoS) of a wireless communication system. Designing an efficient wireless communication system requires trade-off between these two parameters. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique with Index Modulation (OFDM-IM) has been introduced in the literature to increase the SE compared to traditional OFDM. In this paper, an adaptive technique with OFDM-IM is introduced in an M-QAM based scheme to maintain a guaranteed level of average bit error probability (ABEP) with enhanced SE. It has been demonstrated that by adaptively varying the number of active subcarriers and modulation levels in M-QAM scheme, maximum EE can also be achieved for an acceptable ABEP. The closed-form expressions of ABEP and pairwise error probability (PEP) for OFDM-IM with M-ary QAM modulation are derived and examined over the composite Nakagami-m Gamma (NG) fading channel model using greedy detection (GD). In addition, the performance of adaptive OFDM-IM with M-QAM Modulation scheme is evaluated in terms of efficiency metrics, outage probability, and ABEP. The obtained results show that the adaptive scheme offers high potential for accomplishing significant improvement in SE and EE while maintaining acceptable ABEP even under severe channel impairment.
Abstract: Spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) play major roles in evaluating the quality of service (QoS) of a wireless communication system. Designing an efficient wireless communication system requires trade-off between these two parameters. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique with Index Modulation (OFDM-IM) has been introduce...
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